Chronic intellectual impairment (i.e., loss of mental capacity) with organic origins that affects a person's ability to function in a social or occupational setting.

The determination of the presence of a specific disease or infection, usually accomplished by evaluating clinical symptoms and laboratory tests.

Uncontrolled, loose, and frequent bowel movements caused by diet, infection, medication, and irritation or inflammation of the intestine. Severe or prolonged diarrhoea can lead to weight loss and malnutrition. The excessive loss of fluid that may occur with AIDS-related diarrhoea can be life threatening.

There are many possible causes of diarrhoea in persons who have AIDS. The most common infectious organisms causing AIDS-related diarrhoea include cytomegalovirus (CMV), the parasites Cryptosporidium, Microsporidia, and Giardia lamblia, and the bacteria Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellular. Other bacteria and parasites that cause diarrheal symptoms in otherwise healthy people may cause more severe, prolonged, or recurrent diarrhoea in persons with HIV or AIDS.

A method used for treating tuberculosis patients.

A model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa. It was developed by Peter Doyle of Metropolitan Life, and was a precursor to the earliest ASSA AIDS and Demographic model.

The ability of some disease-causing micro-organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasma, to adapt them, to grow, and to multiply even in the presence of drugs that usually kill them.